不容忽视的大便常规及潜血检查

「导读」随着社会的发展和进步,人们的生活水平也在不断的提高,除却平日的衣食住行以外,人们对自身的健康状况也越发关注起来,不少人会定期去医院做体检,但是在体检的过程中,人们往往因为脏、麻烦等原因,忽略了大便常规检查和潜血检查。但其实它们在体检中往往占据重要地位。

随着社会的发展和进步,人们的生活水平也在不断的提高,除却平日的衣食住行以外,人们对自身的健康状况也越发关注起来,不少人会定期去医院做体检,但是在体检的过程中,人们往往因为脏、麻烦等原因,忽略了大便常规检查和潜血检查。但其实它们在体检中往往占据重要地位。

一、大便常规包括什么

大便常规检查作为三大常规检测之一,却往往是最容易被人们忽略的。大便是各种消化道疾病的“报警器”,从大便的颜色和形状等可以看出肠胃是否健康,不一样的状况也有不一样的体现。

大便常规指的就是对大便进行观察和检验的一种检查,通常大便常规的检查项目有:一般性状、显微镜检查。

1.一般性状

这一检查主要是医生通过肉眼观察检测者的大便颜色和形状,初步了解和判断检测者的食物消化情况、肠胃、胰腺、肝胆功能是否有什么异常。

通常情况下,正常的大便应当呈棕黄色,有形,质地较软,婴儿的大便可以呈金黄色。而异常的大便根据检测者身体状况的不同,所呈现出的样子也不同,可能呈现出太硬、太软甚至是粘液或是水状。便秘者通常为“硬”便,习惯性便秘为“羊粪样”;若是出现粘液状稀便,则多见于肠壁受刺激或是发炎,如肠炎、痢疾或急性血吸虫病等;粘液脓性血便通常为细菌痢疾;酱色粘液粪便通常多见于阿米巴痢疾;水样、蛋花样的大便很有可能是急性肠胃炎。

2.显微镜检查

显微镜检查主要是医生通过显微镜下观察检测者的粪便中是否含有红细胞、白细胞或是寄生虫卵等,从而进一步了解检测者的消化系统是否有炎症、出血、寄生虫感染或是恶性肿瘤等情况。该项检查正常情况下结果呈现为“阴性”。

二、隐血实验

大便潜血也称为便隐血,是指消化道少量出血,红细胞被消化破坏,此时粪便的外观没有异常改变,肉眼和显微镜下也都不能查出粪便出血。隐血试验对消化道出血的诊断和鉴别有着重要的价值。

如果大便中有较多的血,则结果呈现为阳性,反之则为阴性。很多肠胃病,例如胃癌、结肠癌、钩虫病以及胃、十二指肠溃疡等都会导致消化道出血,从而导致出现便血、呕血等不良症状。大便潜血试验主要是用来监测消化道是否出血,以此来作为诊断胃肠病的重要依据。此外,大便潜血试验也是目前对消化道肿瘤筛查中应用最广泛、价格最低廉的手段。

三、大便常规及潜血检查的须知和意义

1.适宜人群

大便常规检查作为三项常规检查之一,其临床意义在于及早发现身体的病理性改变,对于以下几类人,尤其应该重点监测:

大便形状改变者

例如粪便出现柏油样、粘液稀便、粘液脓性血便、酱色粘液便、水样、蛋花样便、糊状便、油花便、大便变细者。

大便颜色改变者

例如大便呈现绿色,可能是食用了过多的绿色食物,若是婴儿,则有可能是消化不良;大便呈现鲜红色,可能是痔疮或是结肠癌等症状;大便呈现陶土色,可能是阻塞性黄疸;大便呈现黄绿色,可能是伪膜性肠炎;大便呈现果酱色,可能是阿米巴痢疾或是急性肠套叠等症状;大便呈现黑色,可能出现了上消化道出血、胆道或胰腺出血。

2,正确留取大便标本

一、首先留取大便的容器应当保持干净干燥,容器内一定不能有水,否则会崩解大便中的细胞成分,造成粪便中血液成分溶解流失,可能会导致结果不准确,出现假阴性的结果。

二、留取大便时,可以采用竹签或是粪便采集器中自带的小勺,从粪便中挑取豆状大小的样本,装入粪便采集器中。

三、如果检测者发现大便中有脓血,则应当留取脓血部分;如检测者想要检查寄生虫,则应该在粪便的各个部位都取一些样本;如检测者为水样便,则需要用容器留取粪便样本。

四、如需做潜血检查,为了保证检测结果的准确,检测者应当在检测前3天控制饮食,禁食肉类、动物内脏、动物血、大量绿叶或是含铁的食物,避免检测结果出现假阳性的情况。

五、检测者收集粪便样本时,要注意所留取的粪便样本不要被污染,如不得被尿液、经血等污染。收集到的粪便样本应当立即送检,时间应当控制在1小时以内,若是样本留置的时间过长,可能会影响检验结果的准确性。

3.大便常规和潜血检查的意义

大便常规检查

大便常规检查是诊断肠道病原体感染最直接最可靠的方法,可以明确诊断相应的寄生虫病或寄生虫感染,对消化道肿瘤的诊断也具有重要意义。

潜血检查

消化道疾病中肠道肿瘤的发病率呈现逐年上升的趋势,结直肠癌是其中最常见的恶性肿瘤。

到目前为止,治疗恶性肿瘤最有效的手段仍然是早期手术。

消化道癌早期,有20%的患者潜血试验呈现阳性,晚期的病人阳性率可达90%,因此做潜血检查,不但可以预防疾病,还可以在早期发现消化管肿瘤,大肠癌等疾病。

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article------>{"id":170,"cid":43,"subCid":null,"title":"不容忽视的大便常规及潜血检查","shortTitle":"","tagId":"","attr":"","articleView":"","source":"","author":"","description":"随着社会的发展和进步,人们的生活水平也在不断的提高,除却平日的衣食住行以外,人们对自身的健康状况也越发关注起来,不少人会定期去医院做体检,但是在体检的过程中,人们往往因为脏、麻烦等原因,忽略了大便常规检查和潜血检查。但其实它们在体检中往往占据重要地位。","img":"","content":"<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">随着社会的发展和进步,人们的生活水平也在不断的提高,除却平日的衣食住行以外,人们对自身的健康状况也越发关注起来,不少人会定期去医院做体检,但是在体检的过程中,人们往往因为脏、麻烦等原因,忽略了大便常规检查和潜血检查。但其实它们在体检中往往占据重要地位。</span></p>\n</section>\n<p> </p>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong> 一、大便常规包括什么</strong></span></p>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p> </p>\n</section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">大便常规检查作为三大常规检测之一,却往往是最容易被人们忽略的。大便是各种消化道疾病的&ldquo;报警器&rdquo;,从大便的颜色和形状等可以看出肠胃是否健康,不一样的状况也有不一样的体现。</span></p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">大便常规指的就是对大便进行观察和检验的一种检查,通常大便常规的检查项目有:一般性状、显微镜检查。</span></p>\n<p> </p>\n</section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>1.</strong><strong>一般性状</strong></span></p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong> </strong></span></p>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">这一检查主要是医生通过肉眼观察检测者的大便颜色和形状,初步了解和判断检测者的食物消化情况、肠胃、胰腺、肝胆功能是否有什么异常。</span></p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">通常情况下,正常的大便应当呈棕黄色,有形,质地较软,婴儿的大便可以呈金黄色。而异常的大便根据检测者身体状况的不同,所呈现出的样子也不同,可能呈现出太硬、太软甚至是粘液或是水状。便秘者通常为&ldquo;硬&rdquo;便,习惯性便秘为&ldquo;羊粪样&rdquo;;若是出现粘液状稀便,则多见于肠壁受刺激或是发炎,如肠炎、痢疾或急性血吸虫病等;粘液脓性血便通常为细菌痢疾;酱色粘液粪便通常多见于阿米巴痢疾;水样、蛋花样的大便很有可能是急性肠胃炎。</span></p>\n<p> </p>\n</section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><img src=\"/public/uploads/default/2025/04/08/1744102287591_source_4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"527\" height=\"296\"></span></p>\n<p> </p>\n</section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>2.</strong><strong>显微镜检查</strong></span></p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong> </strong></span></p>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">显微镜检查主要是医生通过显微镜下观察检测者的粪便中是否含有红细胞、白细胞或是寄生虫卵等,从而进一步了解检测者的消化系统是否有炎症、出血、寄生虫感染或是恶性肿瘤等情况。该项检查正常情况下结果呈现为&ldquo;阴性&rdquo;。</span></p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong> </strong></span></p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>二、隐血实验</strong></span></p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong> </strong></span></p>\n</section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">大便潜血也称为便隐血,是指消化道少量出血,红细胞被消化破坏,此时粪便的外观没有异常改变,肉眼和显微镜下也都不能查出粪便出血。隐血试验对消化道出血的诊断和鉴别有着重要的价值。</span></p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">如果大便中有较多的血,则结果呈现为阳性,反之则为阴性。很多肠胃病,例如胃癌、结肠癌、钩虫病以及胃、十二指肠溃疡等都会导致消化道出血,从而导致出现便血、呕血等不良症状。大便潜血试验主要是用来监测消化道是否出血,以此来作为诊断胃肠病的重要依据。此外,大便潜血试验也是目前对消化道肿瘤筛查中应用最广泛、价格最低廉的手段。</span></p>\n<p> </p>\n</section>\n<section>\n<section></section>\n</section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>三、</strong><strong>大便常规及潜血检查</strong><strong>的须</strong><strong>知和意义</strong></span></p>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n<p> </p>\n<section>\n<p> </p>\n</section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><img src=\"/public/uploads/default/2025/04/08/1744102310912_source_5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"592\" height=\"182\"></span></p>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>1.</strong><strong>适宜人群</strong></span></p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong> </strong></span></p>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n<section>\n<section></section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">大便常规检查作为三项常规检查之一,其临床意义在于及早发现身体的病理性改变,对于以下几类人,尤其应该重点监测:</span></p>\n<p> </p>\n</section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>大便形状改变者</strong></span></p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong> </strong></span></p>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">例如粪便出现柏油样、粘液稀便、粘液脓性血便、酱色粘液便、水样、蛋花样便、糊状便、油花便、大便变细者。</span></p>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p> </p>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>大便颜色改变者</strong></span></p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong> </strong></span></p>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">例如大便呈现绿色,可能是食用了过多的绿色食物,若是婴儿,则有可能是消化不良;大便呈现鲜红色,可能是痔疮或是结肠癌等症状;大便呈现陶土色,可能是阻塞性黄疸;大便呈现黄绿色,可能是伪膜性肠炎;大便呈现果酱色,可能是阿米巴痢疾或是急性肠套叠等症状;大便呈现黑色,可能出现了上消化道出血、胆道或胰腺出血。</span></p>\n<p> </p>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>2,</strong><strong>正确留取大便标本</strong></span></p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong> </strong></span></p>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n<section>\n<section></section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><img src=\"/public/uploads/default/2025/04/08/1744102325988_source_6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"537\" height=\"334\"></span></p>\n<p> </p>\n</section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">一、首先留取大便的容器应当保持干净干燥,容器内一定不能有水,否则会崩解大便中的细胞成分,造成粪便中血液成分溶解流失,可能会导致结果不准确,出现假阴性的结果。</span></p>\n<p> </p>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">二、留取大便时,可以采用竹签或是粪便采集器中自带的小勺,从粪便中挑取豆状大小的样本,装入粪便采集器中。</span></p>\n<p> </p>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">三、如果检测者发现大便中有脓血,则应当留取脓血部分;如检测者想要检查寄生虫,则应该在粪便的各个部位都取一些样本;如检测者为水样便,则需要用容器留取粪便样本。</span></p>\n<p> </p>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">四、如需做潜血检查,为了保证检测结果的准确,检测者应当在检测前3天控制饮食,禁食肉类、动物内脏、动物血、大量绿叶或是含铁的食物,避免检测结果出现假阳性的情况。</span></p>\n<p> </p>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">五、检测者收集粪便样本时,要注意所留取的粪便样本不要被污染,如不得被尿液、经血等污染。收集到的粪便样本应当立即送检,时间应当控制在1小时以内,若是样本留置的时间过长,可能会影响检验结果的准确性。</span></p>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p> </p>\n</section>\n</section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>3.</strong><strong>大便常规和潜血检查的意义</strong></span></p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong> </strong></span></p>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n<section>\n<section></section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section></section>\n</section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>大便常规检查</strong></span></p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong> </strong></span></p>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">大便常规检查是诊断肠道病原体感染最直接最可靠的方法,可以明确诊断相应的寄生虫病或寄生虫感染,对消化道肿瘤的诊断也具有重要意义。</span></p>\n<p> </p>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section></section>\n</section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>潜血检查</strong></span></p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong> </strong></span></p>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">消化道疾病中肠道肿瘤的发病率呈现逐年上升的趋势,结直肠癌是其中最常见的恶性肿瘤。</span></p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">到目前为止,治疗恶性肿瘤最有效的手段仍然是早期手术。</span></p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">消化道癌早期,有20%的患者潜血试验呈现阳性,晚期的病人阳性率可达90%,因此做潜血检查,不但可以预防疾病,还可以在早期发现消化管肿瘤,大肠癌等疾病。</span></p>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>\n</section>","status":0,"pv":789,"link":"","createdAt":"2024-05-25T07:22:10.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-05-29T22:44:01.000Z","bigfile":[],"simpleintroduce":"","sortId":0,"field":{},"tags":[]}

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